1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1 Overall Framework
2.2 Technical Assessment and Analysis for Floating Offshore Wind
2.2.1 Wind energy resource (Power law, Rayleigh model, and Wind power density)
2.2.2 Wind turbine and array power calculations (Power curve, AEP)
2.2.3 Performance parameters
2.3 Economic Assessment and Analysis for Floating Offshore Wind
2.3.1 Capital and operational expenditure
2.3.2 Decommissioning expenditure
2.3.3 Net present value
2.4 Analytic Hierarchy Process with Exclusion Criteria
2.4.1 Distance from shore, port, and electrical substation
2.4.2 Bathymetry
2.4.3 Natural hazards or geohazards
2.4.4 Shipwrecks
2.4.5 Exclusion criteria
(1) Oil and gas extraction sites – the Philippines has numerous oil and gas extraction sites that provide stability to the economy as of the time of writing. An exclusion zone of 5 km (Maandal et al., 2021) from the site boundaries was employed.
(2) Shipping routes – An exclusion zone of 4 km from all existing shipping routes was employed. This ensures that existing transport lines operate without impedance (Diaz and Guedez Soares, 2023).
(3) Submarine assets – these include cables for both power export and network accessibility. The Ministry of Natural Resources (2004) applies a minimum distance of 0.5 km from these cables. However, an exclusion zone of 3 km from all Philippine submarine cables was employed to ensure no disturbance.
(4) Marine Protected Areas – Republic Act No. 11038 (2018) established the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), which designates protected land and areas. Weeks et al. (2010) found that most of the marine protected areas in the Philippines were less than 1 km2. A conservative exclusion zone, 3 km from the borders of these areas, was employed to prevent significant impacts on biodiversity.